Musik Hip-Hop Sebagai Sarana Ekspresi Identitas, Resistensi, dan Negosiasi Budaya Papua
Keywords:
hip-hop music;, cultural identity;, Papua; resistance;, cultural negotiation.Abstract
This study aimed to analyze how the hip-hop music "Manganggan" by Epo
D'fenomeno represented cultural identity, resistance to injustice, and cultural
negotiation in Papuan society. The study employed a qualitative approach with a
case study method. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews
with Epo D'fenomeno, music video observations, and lyrical analysis supported by
relevant literature. The results showed that "Manganggan" represented Papuan
cultural identity through the use of the Biak language, local cultural symbols, and
narratives that affirmed pride in being Papuan. This work also contained messages
of resistance against negative stereotypes and structural injustice, and reflected
the process of cultural negotiation through the fusion of global hip-hop elements
and local culture. In conclusion, Epo D'fenomeno's hip-hop music functioned not
only as artistic expression but also as an active, reflective, and political medium of
cultural articulation for Papuan youth.
References
Alim, H. S., Ibrahim, A., & Pennycook, A. (Eds.). (2009). Global Linguistic Flows: Hip Hop Cultures, Youth
Identities, and the Politics of Language. Routledge.
Appadurai, A. (1996). Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. University of Minnesota Press.
Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The Location of Culture. Routledge.
Burgess, J., & Green, J. (2018). YouTube: Online Video and Participatory Culture (2nd ed.). Polity Press.
Chang, J. (2005). Can't Stop Won't Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation. St. Martin's Press.
Chauvel, R., & Bhakti, I. N. (2004). The Papua Conflict: Jakarta's Perceptions and Policies. East-West Center
Washington.
Daffa, M. (2022). Dampak musik hip hop terhadap kekerasan kultural yang dialami oleh kelompok kulit hitam di
Amerika Serikat tahun 2010–2020 (Skripsi sarjana, Universitas Islam Indonesia).
Dwiyanti, A.A.R. 2025. “Dari Panggung ke Kebijakan: Musik sebagai Media Advokasi dan Partisipasi Politik Kaum
Muda.” PUBLIC CORNER.
Feld, S. (1990). Sound and Sentiment: Birds, Weeping, Poetics, and Song in Kaluli Expression (2nd ed.).
University of Pennsylvania Press.
Fikriansyah, I. (2022, December 8). Resistensi adalah: Pengertian, bentuk, dan pemicunya.
Fitrha, D. (2025). Representasi fenomena rasisme melalui media musik hip hop pada film Straight Outta
Compton. Dekonstruksi, 11(3), 96–109. https://doi.org/10.54154/dekonstruksi.v11i03.305
Ford, J. R., Wallace, J. K., & Allen, J. L. (2025). Bridging leadership development and hip-hop culture:
Empowering Black students through culturally responsive educational approaches. New Directions for
Student Leadership, 2025(185), 89–95. https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20663
Hall, S. (1996). Cultural Identity and Diaspora. In P. Mongia (Ed.), Contemporary Postcolonial Theory: A Reader
(pp. 110-121). Arnold.
Handini, Z. S. (2022). Musik hip-hop sebagai resistensi dari identitas penyanyi perempuan Jepang ha-fu dalam
tiga lirik lagu karya Chanmina [Skripsi, Universitas Nasional]. Repositori Universitas Nasional.
Iman, M.F.S. 2025. “Analisis Wacana Kritis Multimodal Video Musik Tumbal Proyek sebagai Arena Resistensi
terhadap Narasi Pembangunan.” Avant Garde.
Jenkins, H., Ito, M., & Boyd, D. (2016). Participatory Culture in a Networked Era: A Conversation on Youth,
Learning, Commerce, and Politics. Polity Press.
Jiwangga, J. B. J. (2023). Papua dalam rima: Kajian intermedial tentang konstruksi identitas sosial pada lima
lagu hip-hop Papua. Dalam Prosiding PIBSI ke-45 UPGRIS 2023 (hlm. 821–823). Universitas PGRI
Semarang.
Kartika, D., Rheihan, J., & Nugroho, J. M. (2023). Musik hardcore sebagai media kritik terhadap pemerintah: Studi
kasus band hardcore Jember Slugfess. Journal Sains Student Research, 1(2), 754–761.
https://doi.org/10.61722/jssr.v1i2.285
Kirksey, E. (2012). Freedom in Entangled Worlds: West Papua and the Architecture of Global Power. Duke
University Press.
Layan, S. R., Rumbino, M., Purba, S. D., & Marwati, A. (2025). Ekspresi musikal Black Brothers sebagai
resistensi budaya Papua pada masa Orde Baru. Pacific Performing Arts Review, 1(2), 86–97.
Mitchell, T. (Ed.). (2001). Global Noise: Rap and Hip-Hop Outside the USA. Wesleyan University Press.
Nadya, A.P. 2024. Kerja Sama Budaya Internasional antara Amerika Serikat dan Indonesia melalui Hip-Hop Wave.
Skripsi. Universitas Lampung.
Nilan, P., & Feixa, C. (Eds.). (2006). Global Youth? Hybrid Identities, Plural Worlds. Routledge.
Nugroho, Y. Y. T. (2022). Pengaruh negosiasi budaya pada Gamelan Soepra terhadap generasi centennial. Jurnal,
4(2), 85–103.
Nurdiansyah, C. (2025). Judul artikel. Journal of Art, Culture, and Learning (JACL), 1(1).
Pane, D. E. S. (2025). Hegemoni budaya K-pop dan dinamika cultural hybridization. Jurnal Hubungan
Internasional, 18(2).
Payne, A. N. (2024). Hip Hop, identity, & Black girlhood: How Black girls (re)construct racial and gender
identity through Hip Hop. Journal of Youth Studies, 27(2), 252–273.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2022.2119837
Puspita, D. P., Adiansah, W., & Jatnika, D. C. (2025). Urgensi kebijakan inklusif dalam konflik tren parade sound
horeg: Kajian literature. Jurnal Kolaborasi Resolusi Konflik, 7(1), 23–31.
https://doi.org/10.24198/jkrk.v7i1.65695
Puspita, M. D. (2024, December 30). Pengertian resistensi, penyebab, bentuk, dan tingkatannya. Tempo.co.
Putri, N. A. (2024). Kerja sama budaya internasional antara Amerika Serikat dan Indonesia melalui Hip-Hop Wave
(Skripsi sarjana, Universitas Lampung).
Raditya, M. H. B. (2020). Negosiasi kelokalan pada Pop Dawan Nusa Tenggara Timur di era internet. Jurnal Kajian
Seni, 6(2), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.22146/jksks.60254
Rejang, K. (n.d.). Kisah Epo D’Fenomeno, rapper yang selalu bersuara tentang Papua. Sasagupapua.com.
Rismandika, K. A. (2026). Negosiasi identitas budaya melalui musik ritual masyarakat pesisir Jawa. Mahasara:
Journal of Interdisciplinary Music Studies, 2(1), 10–11.
Rose, T. (1994). Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America. Wesleyan University Press.
Saputra, R., Hasanah, N., Kamaludin, M., Azis, M., Putra, M. A., & Armayadi, Y. (2024). Peran seni dalam
mempertahankan identitas budaya lokal di era modern. Besaung: Jurnal Seni Desain dan Budaya, 9(2),
183–195. https://doi.org/10.36982/jsdb.v9i2.4044
Slama, M., & Munro, J. (Eds.). (2015). From 'Stone-Age' to 'Real-Time': Exploring Papuan Temporalities,
Mobilities and Religiosities. ANU Press.
Suciati, S. 2022. “Rap di Freiburg: Ekspresi Identitas dan Respons Kelas Sosial.” Lembaran Antropologi.
Syaifuddin, D. R., Riana, D. R., & Rahmawati, N. F. N. (2023). Negosiasi budaya Sulawesi Tenggara di arena
Gelanggang Budaya Negeri Sembilan–Malaysia. Kandai: Jurnal Bahasa dan Kebudayaan Sulawesi
Tenggara, 19(1), 1–12.
Timmer, J. (2007). Kastom and Theocracy: A Reflection on Governance from the Uttermost Part of the World.
Anthropological Forum, 17(3), 291-303.
Wallach, J. (2008). Modern Noise, Fluid Genres: Popular Music in Indonesia, 1997-2001. University of Wisconsin
Press.
Yuliantari, P. (n.d.). Berbagi musik: Persembahan untuk Sang Maha Guru (hlm. 116). BP ISI Yogyakarta.
Sumber Lain.
EPO D’FENOMENO. (2024, July 10). EPO D’FENOMENO – Manganggan (Music video) [Video]. YouTube.








